Laminectomy

A laminectomy removes part or all of the vertebral lamina to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves, typically addressing spinal stenosis. This decompression surgery alleviates pain and improves mobility but may require stabilization if spinal instability develops. Minimally invasive techniques now reduce recovery time and tissue damage.

Laminotomy

A laminotomy removes a small section of the lamina often unilaterally to decompress a nerve root while preserving spinal stability. Commonly used for herniated discs or foraminal stenosis, it’s less invasive than a full laminectomy, reducing recovery time and retaining more natural vertebral support. 

Microdiscectomy

A microdiscectomy removes herniated disc material pressing on a nerve root, using a tiny incision and microscope for precision. This minimally invasive approach relieves leg or arm pain (e.g., sciatica) with minimal muscle disruption, enabling faster recovery than open surgery. Ideal for single-level disc issues without spinal instability.

Foraminotomy 

A foraminotomy enlarges the bony foramen to alleviate nerve root compression, often caused by arthritis, bone spurs, or disc herniation. This targeted decompression preserves spinal motion while addressing symptoms like radiculopathy. Minimally invasive variants reduce tissue disruption, speeding recovery compared to traditional open techniques

Corpectomy

A corpectomy removes a vertebral body and adjacent discs to decompress the spinal cord or nerves, typically for severe stenosis, tumors, or fractures. The defect is reconstructed with a bone graft or cage, often stabilized with instrumentation. While highly effective, it requires longer recovery due to the spine’s structural demands.

Osteophyte Removal

Osteophyte removal involves excising bony outgrowths—often from arthritis or degeneration—that compress nerves or spinal structures. Performed via open or minimally invasive techniques, it alleviates pain and restores mobility. Recurrence is possible if underlying joint degeneration progresses. 

Percutaneous Laser Disc Decompression (PLDD)

Percutaneous Laser Disc Decompression (PLDD) uses laser energy to shrink a herniated disc through a needle-sized incision, reducing nerve pressure. Performed under local anesthesia, it minimizes tissue damage and recovery time compared to open surgery. Ideal for contained disc herniations without fragmentation or severe stenosis.